Batak Toba Sulim Playing Techniques in Christian Worship: An Analysis of Mandiladilain and Mangangguk in "Pasu-Pasu Hatami" at HKI Simpang Tiga Paranginan Church

Abstract

This study aims to describe and analyze the playing techniques of the Batak Toba flute (sulim), particularly the mandiladilain and mangangguk techniques, in the song "Pasu-Pasu Hatami" performed during worship services at HKI Simpang Tiga Paranginan Church. As one of the traditional musical instruments of the Batak Toba people, the sulim holds a significant role not only in cultural and customary contexts but also in the development of church music. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving pastors, congregants, and church musicians. The results indicate that the mandiladilain technique produces a melismatic nuance that enhances the melody and provides rhythmic emphasis, while the mangangguk technique generates a vibrato effect that enriches the emotional and spiritual expression of the song. The application of these two techniques effectively improves musical quality and strengthens the theological message conveyed in worship. Although challenges such as limited breath control and restricted practice time were encountered, structured and consistent training proved effective in improving sulim players' skills. This research affirms that the incorporation of Batak Toba sulim playing techniques into church worship serves as an important means of both cultural preservation and the inculturation of traditional music within Christian liturgy. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for musicians, churches, and music education institutions in developing traditional sulim performance techniques across the Indonesian archipelago.