Contextualization of Vocal Intonation Techniques by Song Leaders in Performing Buku Ende Hymn No. 769 at HKBP Batubinumbun: A Liturgical Music Study

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and describe the contextualization of vocal intonation techniques used by the song leader in performing Buku Ende (BE) hymn No. 769, "Tu Debata do Pangkirimon", during Sunday worship at HKBP Batubinumbun, Muara District. This hymn was selected because it carries profound theological value and is frequently used in HKBP liturgy as a confession of faith. The vocal intonation techniques of the song leader are considered essential for maintaining the unity of congregational singing, reinforcing the liturgical meaning, and enhancing the overall quality of worship. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a field study approach. Data were collected through direct observation during Sunday services, in-depth interviews with song leaders and congregants, as well as video and audio documentation. Data analysis was conducted interactively with reference to theories of liturgical music, vocal pedagogy, and Batak cultural context. The findings reveal that the vocal intonation techniques of the song leader in performing BE No. 769 include selecting an appropriate key suited to the congregation's vocal range, maintaining pitch stability, clear articulation, the use of diaphragmatic breathing, and managing vocal resonance. The contextualization of these techniques was carried out by considering the congregation's abilities, the hymn's theological meaning, and Batak cultural nuances. Accurate intonation was found to enhance congregational participation, deepen faith expression, and integrate singing as a vital part of worship. The study concludes that the role of the song leader in HKBP liturgical context is highly crucial—not only musically but also spiritually. Contextualized vocal intonation techniques serve as a bridge connecting music, culture, and the faith of the congregation. Therefore, continuous vocal training and guidance for song leaders are necessary to sustain the quality of congregational singing in worship.