The Pedagogical Competence of Teachers in Developing Differentiated Learning at UPT SD Negeri 060914 Medan: A Study from a Biblical Perspective

Abstract

This study investigates teachers’ pedagogical competence in implementing differentiated instruction at UPT SD Negeri 060914 Medan through a descriptive qualitative approach supported by a systematic literature review. Twenty-first century education demands that teachers address diverse learning needs by adapting instructional content, process, and product based on students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles. However, many teachers continue to apply uniform teaching methods that fail to accommodate such diversity. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with five teachers and two school leaders, and document analysis of lesson plans and reflective journals. Findings reveal that most teachers possess only a surface understanding of differentiated instruction, often interpreting it merely as varied teaching activities rather than as intentional, theory-based adaptation. Only a few teachers demonstrated deeper pedagogical competence aligned with the Zone of Proximal Development framework, designing tasks that match learners’ developmental readiness. The literature review confirms that successful differentiation requires systematic planning, reflective practice, and ongoing assessment. From a Biblical perspective, differentiated instruction resonates with theological principles of love, justice, and stewardship. Psalm 139:13-14 affirms the uniqueness of every learner as God’s creation, while Matthew 25:14-30 highlights equity through individualized responsibility. Thus, differentiated teaching represents both a professional and spiritual vocation-an act of Christian ministry that honors each child’s sacred individuality. The study concludes that strengthening teachers’ pedagogical competence through continuous training and faith-integrated reflection is essential to promote equitable, inclusive, and Christ-centered education.